kylemeister - Thanks for pointing out the So-Abdusattorov game in Reply #27. I was curious about the position after 9...c4 and found that its first occurrence in the Mega Database was in the famous Smyslov-Botvinnik game from the 1944 Soviet Championship. The Chessbase version of the game was annotated by Rainer Knaak, who marked 9...c4 with a ?. He noted that Black usually waits for White to commit to Bf1-e2 before advancing the c-pawn. He felt that closing the position with 9...c4? was weak since White can develop the bishop to g2 or h3 (obviously after g2-g3). This is similar to the Nunn/NCO line that you mentioned. It turns out that Smyslov-Botvinnik is the first game in Giddins' The French Winawer Move by Move. Giddins is more charitable, marking 9...c4 with !?. He says that it's more common to retain the central tension with 9...Bd7 and adds that 9...c4 would allow 10.g3 with the idea of Bh3, O-O, Nh4, and f4-f5, which is also the same general idea of the flank development of the bishop given by Knaak and Nunn. Another old book bit is Moles' analysis in his The French Defence - Main Line Winawer. He follows Boleslavsky-Barcza for several moves: 10.g3 Bd7 11.Bg2 0-0-0 12.0-0 f5 13.exf6 gxf6 14.Re1 Ng6 15.Bh6 Rhg8 16.Qd2 Rde8. Now Moles quotes an even older book, Schwarz, which has an evaluation of =/+. In contrast, Stockfish gives White a slight edge. Moles called 10.Bg2 "illogical" and preferred 10.Bh3. He quotes the game Raetsch-Liebert, Lasker Memorial Berlin 1962, where White achieved a winning edge but then "went off the rails" and lost. In introducing his section on 9...c4, Moles says the move "is considered inaccurate since Black has nothing to fear from 9...Bd7 10.c4 and theoretically should wait for White to commit his king bishop to e2 or d3 before closing the queenside." He concludes the section with "White seems to have chances for the initiative with 10.g3; hence Black should avoid 9...c4, which has no special counter-virtues to justify the inconvenience of having to meet 10.g3". In line with his comment of waiting for White to play Bf1 e2 or Bf1-d3, Moles considers 9...Bd7 10.Be2 c4 to be fine. It's his main line, as I noted back in Reply #16. So the consensus from 1975 (Moles) to 2013 (Giddins) seems to be that 9...c4 is premature, and it's better to wait for White to develop his king bishop. More recently, however, 9...c4 has been played with some regularity. ChessBase marks 9...c4 as a "hot" move. Thus, it could be part of the apparent trend of Black closing the position by advancing his c-pawn and thereby aiming to play more strategically. It's interesting that Abdusattorov played the move. He's the strongest player to adopt it in recent years, although it was "just" in a blitz game.
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