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Very Hot Topic (More than 25 Replies) Transliteration of Russian (etc.) names (Read 32646 times)
Phil Adams
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Re: Transliteration of Russian (etc.) names
Reply #57 - 07/31/11 at 16:36:33
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Stigma wrote on 07/31/11 at 16:07:16:
Zwischenzugzwang wrote on 07/31/11 at 14:23:11:
IPA has no symbol for the voiced alveolar affricate like in English "John", as it is considered to be a combination of two sounds < d > and < ʒ >, the latter one pronounced as the first letter in French je, "I". I would think that a symbol like < ǧ > for that sound would be suitable, as it is (i) included in almost any font and (ii) signals quite unambigously the sound referred to.

Best regards,

Zwischenzugzwang


Fun fact: Apart from "j", English has several other written representation of the exact same <dʒ> sound combination, like the rather more logical (to a non-native speaker) "dg", as in hedge, judge, badge etc. (the final e's all being silent). And how about "g" as in magic, fragile, even initially as in George, giant? So English could get by just fine even if "j" was "freed" to perform the same job it does in German, Dutch and the Slavic languages. I'm sure Dgohn Watson, Gawain Dgones et al. would be very pleased  Smiley


Nice one, Stigma. I enjoyed this.
  
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Stigma
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Re: Transliteration of Russian (etc.) names
Reply #56 - 07/31/11 at 16:07:16
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Zwischenzugzwang wrote on 07/31/11 at 14:23:11:
IPA has no symbol for the voiced alveolar affricate like in English "John", as it is considered to be a combination of two sounds < d > and < ʒ >, the latter one pronounced as the first letter in French je, "I". I would think that a symbol like < ǧ > for that sound would be suitable, as it is (i) included in almost any font and (ii) signals quite unambigously the sound referred to.

Best regards,

Zwischenzugzwang


Fun fact: Apart from "j", English has several other written representations of the exact same <dʒ> sound combination, like the rather more logical (to a non-native speaker) "dg", as in hedge, judge, badge etc. (the final e's all being silent). And how about "g" as in magic, fragile, even initially as in George, giant? So English could get by just fine even if "j" was "freed" to perform the same job it does in German, Dutch and the Slavic languages. I'm sure Dgohn Watson, Gawain Dgones et al. would be very pleased  Smiley
« Last Edit: 07/31/11 at 21:23:53 by Stigma »  

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Re: Transliteration of Russian (etc.) names
Reply #55 - 07/31/11 at 15:45:05
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Zwischenzugzwang wrote on 07/31/11 at 14:23:11:
The roman alphabet suffers from a lack of vowels, as can be seen from the fact that many european languages use some sort of diacritics to adopt it to their needs. Therefore in my opinion it doesn't make sense to reduce the available number of vowels even more by giving them the additional burden of expressing consonants. From this point of view, neither < i > nor < y > should be used for that purpose. In the IPA-system (IPA = International Phonetic Association) the sign < i > is unambigously used to refer to a high closed unrounded vowel, as in English "seen", whereas < y > is used for the high closed rounded vowel, German < ü >, as in über, "over", or the first vowel in French bureau, "office". In the same system, < j > is used for the palatal approximate, as in English "yes". So using < j > for that particular sound seems to make quite some sense and is definitely no "subjugation" to German. IPA has no symbol for the voiced alveolar affricate like in English "John", as it is considered to be a combination of two sounds < d > and < ʒ >, the latter one pronounced as the first letter in French je, "I". I would think that a symbol like < ǧ > for that sound would be suitable, as it is (i) included in almost any font and (ii) signals quite unambigously the sound referred to.

Best regards,

Zwischenzugzwang


I thank you for this information, but the issue is one of practical transliteration, not exact phonetic transcription - a different matter entirely.
  
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Zwischenzugzwang
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Re: Transliteration of Russian (etc.) names
Reply #54 - 07/31/11 at 14:23:11
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The roman alphabet suffers from a lack of vowels, as can be seen from the fact that many european languages use some sort of diacritics to adopt it to their needs. Therefore in my opinion it doesn't make sense to reduce the available number of vowels even more by giving them the additional burden of expressing consonants. From this point of view, neither < i > nor < y > should be used for that purpose. In the IPA-system (IPA = International Phonetic Association) the sign < i > is unambigously used to refer to a high closed unrounded vowel, as in English "seen", whereas < y > is used for the high closed rounded vowel, German < ü >, as in über, "over", or the first vowel in French bureau, "office". In the same system, < j > is used for the palatal approximate, as in English "yes". So using < j > for that particular sound seems to make quite some sense and is definitely no "subjugation" to German. IPA has no symbol for the voiced alveolar affricate like in English "John", as it is considered to be a combination of two sounds < d > and < ʒ >, the latter one pronounced as the first letter in French je, "I". I would think that a symbol like < ǧ > for that sound would be suitable, as it is (i) included in almost any font and (ii) signals quite unambigously the sound referred to.

Best regards,

Zwischenzugzwang
  

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Re: Transliteration of Russian (etc.) names
Reply #53 - 07/31/11 at 13:44:15
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I and J are brothers, but Y is a different animal, with ties to U/Ü (see German, Greek...)
So I can live with both Iakovenko and Jacobenko, but certainly not Yakovenko.
Ian sounds different in English because of the tonic accent.
And I don't think FIDE has any system, except to ask ten-year-olds at their first tournament to write down their names.

@MNb: you can't go wrong with the absolute classics can you  Wink
  
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Re: Transliteration of Russian (etc.) names
Reply #52 - 07/30/11 at 16:25:43
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Phil Adams wrote on 07/30/11 at 12:26:24:
(By the way, my latest theory is that the FIDE list is based on Serbo-Croat usage, probably emanating originally from the way Chess Informant handles Cyrillic-Roman transcription.)

If that's true, it's not a bad idea. Hypothetically, if Russian had adopted the Latin alphabet, we wouldn't be discussing this problem. And written Czech, Slovak, Slovene and Serbo-Croat give hints as to what latinized Russian would look like. Some of the Cyrillic-to-Latin transliteration standards that don't try to cater to a specific target language are apparently based on the Czech alphabet.

Phil Adams wrote on 07/30/11 at 12:26:24:

In reality, we are only talking about a few controversial letters/sounds here. Let us consider (calmly please) for instance the J/Y/I issue:
J is pronounced completely differently in (e.g.) English, German, French and Spanish.  Even German usage is not completely consistent; one finds words like Jazz, Jeans, Jeep, Joker etc. used in German, all with a “dz “ sound.

I think most Germans are (consciously or subconsciously) aware of the English origin of all those loanwords. So maybe the problem of how to pronounce a J for English speakers is a bit exaggerated too: Usually they/we can infer from context or recognition if a name is English, French, standard Germanic or Slavic, and in the latter two cases most will pick the right J-sound for names like Jansa, Jensen, Janošević and indeed Jakovenko. It's not unreasonable to expect a similar orthography across the Slavic languages, whether the Latin alphabet is used natively or not.

I admit I can live with "Yakovenko" and "Karyakin" just fine, I'm just unsure if the problem this change is meant to solve is a real one.

Phil Adams wrote on 07/30/11 at 12:26:24:

If initial Y is really so offensive to Middle- and Eastern- European chessplayers, a compromise that would also further reduce ambiguity might be to use the letter I even in the initial position, giving us Iakovenko, Iakovich, etc. – a little strange-looking perhaps, but fairly unambiguous, and I expect that we would all soon get used it. (I would refer you to the standard used by the Russian Passport Service given in an earlier post.)

If Ia-, Ie- etc. is the alternative (even one endorsed by Russian passport authorities) I'd rather see a Y. For one thing, I normally pronounce Ian and Jan differently, since I recognize the former name as English and the latter as Germanic or Slavic. When Nepomnjašči first appeared on the scene I assumed he must have English-speaking family to have been given such a typically British name as Ian!
« Last Edit: 07/31/11 at 03:41:54 by Stigma »  

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Re: Transliteration of Russian (etc.) names
Reply #51 - 07/30/11 at 16:16:40
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You are contradicting yourself a bit, Phil, fortunately to your own benefit.

Phil Adams wrote on 07/30/11 at 12:26:24:
As a linguist, I am well aware of the great virtues of major languages such as Spanish, German and French, but realistically I still think that it would be most useful and practical for FIDE to err on the side of the English usage, since that is the most widely understood and least open to misunderstanding.

First these reasons are not very good and second they might even not be true. You would be amazed when learning how many people do hardly, mis- or not understand English spelling, including native English-speaking countries like Guyana and Jamaica.

Phil Adams wrote on 07/30/11 at 12:26:24:
Let us consider (calmly please) for instance the J/Y/I issue:
J is pronounced completely differently in (e.g.) English, German, French and Spanish.  Even German usage is not completely consistent; one finds words like Jazz, Jeans, Jeep, Joker etc. used in German, all with a “dz “ sound. 
In contrast, the sound of Y (as in Yakovenko) is far more consistent across the major languages using the Roman alphabet, and even German, where Y is generally an “oo” sound,  uses words such as Yoga and Yucca, so its use and pronunciation in names such as Yakovenko will not be entirely unfamiliar to German chess fans.

If initial Y is really so offensive to Middle- and Eastern- European chessplayers,

See? Now you are referring to the virtues of those other great languages. The simple fact is that the Y for Yakovenko etc. is understandable for about everybody in the world in about every language using Latin script. The J isn't. That should overrule any esthetical objection like mine.
(at least I admit that I'm a chauvinist; that makes it easier to set it aside)

@Uruk: when it comes to a harder-edged sound I prefer Led Zep I, II, In Rock, Machine Head and especially Made in Japan. Contain much more aggression too. (No, S_F, I'm not going to hijack this thread)
  

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Re: Transliteration of Russian (etc.) names
Reply #50 - 07/30/11 at 13:39:05
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Nothing controversial in your last post, Phil. Your initial assumption that FIDE were using German transcription was just strange. Now that you have recognized that FIDE uses a form of English transcription, it only remains an open question to find out which of the dozens of English transcriptions they are using. The system UN (1987) for example has the "Ja". In comparison with the mess in the German chess literature you are living in paradise, if you have only to fight with the y/i/j thing. 

Maybe you can convince FIDE and ChessBase to cooperate and hire a linguist who improves their system. 

That ChessBase is struggling to get it right (and maybe would be grateful for your advice?) shows the following excerpt from a mid-2008 ChessBase blog ( http://www.chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=4743 ): 

Quote:
Incidentally FIDE gives his name as Ian Nepomniachtchi, while the Russian original is Ян Непомнящий. Bernard Cafferty, former editor of the British Chess Magazine, who is a well-known writer and Russian translator, wrote to us:

Quote:
I wonder if I could prevail on you to consider writing "Jan Nepomnyaschy"? After all, the name will be quoted often in the future, and it would be useful for chess journalists not to risk RSI by having to write all those consonants every time! Ian is a two-syllable name, whereas it is only one syllable in the original. And according to my Professor Paffen German reference book, schtsch is the equivalent in German, though the Duden transcription is stsch. There is also the complication of Russians pronouncing the letter in different ways (roughly SHCH as in Fresh Cheese for Peterburgers, and long soft double SHSH for Muscovites). Irrelevant to the spelling issue, though.

    Surely the Anglophile German editor of the ChessBase news page can see the benefit of this suggestion? Ignore whatever the Russian authorities may use when issuing him a passport for abroad, or what the FIDE rating list has.


Break with FIDE on this, Bernard? We shall have to think hard about it. The basic problem is that Nepomniachtchi and Nepomnyaschy are big career problems in the West (ask our dear friend Kasimdzhanov). Organisers tend to decide in favour of Leko, Shirov and Adams. If only the lad were called Jan Nepo – the sky would be the limit for him then.
  
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Re: Transliteration of Russian (etc.) names
Reply #49 - 07/30/11 at 12:26:24
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It still seems to me that my arguments and proposals are modest and reasonable. Some of the critical comments made above seem to be based on a careless reading of my words and an assumption that I am some sort of “language-chauvinist”.

My plea for standardization would apply only to the FIDE rating list, although one would hope that the main game databases would then follow suit. I do not see why that should be at all controversial.

There is no suggestion in anything I have written that national chess literature should adopt world-wide standardization. Far from it; “localized” usage can and probably should remain the norm.

However, I do bemoan (and this was my starting point) the increasing and unnecessary usage in the English-language chess media of misleading transliterations such as Karjakin, Zvjaginsev, Jakovenko and (God help us) Nepomniachtchi. When I questioned this with one chess publisher, the answer was that that is how they appear in the FIDE list. (By the way, my latest theory is that the FIDE list is based on Serbo-Croat usage, probably emanating originally from the way Chess Informant handles Cyrillic-Roman transcription.)

The issue that has caused the most controversy at the forum, and apparently roused some feelings of indignation, is my proposal that in problem areas such as Yakovenko / Jakovenko, the pragmatic choice would be for the FIDE list to adopt the English-language usage as standard. As a linguist, I am well aware of the great virtues of major languages such as Spanish, German and French, but realistically I still think that it would be most useful and practical for FIDE to err on the side of the English usage, since that is the most widely understood and least open to misunderstanding. 

The arguments that English is unphonetic, inconsistent and difficult for children to learn are powerful, but hardly relevant in this context. However regrettable some might find it, the fact is that English has become the “lingua franca” of the modern world, replacing Latin and French in that role.

In reality, we are only talking about a few controversial letters/sounds here. Let us consider (calmly please) for instance the J/Y/I issue:
J is pronounced completely differently in (e.g.) English, German, French and Spanish.  Even German usage is not completely consistent; one finds words like Jazz, Jeans, Jeep, Joker etc. used in German, all with a “dz “ sound. 
In contrast, the sound of Y (as in Yakovenko) is far more consistent across the major languages using the Roman alphabet, and even German, where Y is generally an “oo” sound,  uses words such as Yoga and Yucca, so its use and pronunciation in names such as Yakovenko will not be entirely unfamiliar to German chess fans.

If initial Y is really so offensive to Middle- and Eastern- European chessplayers, a compromise that would also further reduce ambiguity might be to use the letter I even in the initial position, giving us Iakovenko, Iakovich, etc. – a little strange-looking perhaps, but fairly unambiguous, and I expect that we would all soon get used it. (I would refer you to the standard used by the Russian Passport Service given in an earlier post.)
  
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Re: Transliteration of Russian (etc.) names
Reply #48 - 07/29/11 at 11:47:02
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Never had problems with written or spoken English or German. Benefits of watching tv a lot Wink
  

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Re: Transliteration of Russian (etc.) names
Reply #47 - 07/29/11 at 08:29:51
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@Phil Adams:

I'm really sorry that your summary shows that the hispanoamerican joke above is more than a joke.

Quote:
Hmm, in de fjutcher Aj mej uz dis wej ov spellin evry tajm Aj vrajt heer...
TalJechin shows a way to react to this.

To take "English" for "International" shows big gaps.

Btw: Yussupov looks very ugly here. 

And English is one of the languages (like German too) putting children serious problems in the first years to alieniate the sound to written language. Under this objective point of view Quechua or Spanish would be much better languages as a base for transcriptions.
  

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Re: Transliteration of Russian (etc.) names
Reply #46 - 07/28/11 at 22:33:32
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Well, sorry for that. But the core of my post is on topic.
  
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Re: Transliteration of Russian (etc.) names
Reply #45 - 07/28/11 at 21:15:07
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Moderator's Aside:


As everyone is probably well aware, the rules for this part of the forum are far more relaxed than other sections.

Having said that, if you're only commenting on music groups, perhaps you'd like to create a separate thread?
  
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Re: Transliteration of Russian (etc.) names
Reply #44 - 07/28/11 at 21:08:56
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Even in science, I've lost count of the versions of "Lifshitz".
But transcription is a useful thing. Otherwise, you'd have to know the origin of a name to pronounce it correctly. Zhukova is not Zhang.

MNb wrote on 07/28/11 at 12:24:55:
Uruk wrote on 07/27/11 at 22:36:50:
But the D-sound has nothing to do in there, unlike in palatalised G as in Gentle, Giant.

Completely off-topic: ah, one of my favourite bands. I'm one of the very few geeks who think very, very high of Interview. Especially I love Design.

Heh. I prefer the harder-edge sound of King Crimson. Check out Fracture for example.
« Last Edit: 07/28/11 at 22:39:03 by Uruk »  
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Re: Transliteration of Russian (etc.) names
Reply #43 - 07/28/11 at 16:14:38
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Phil, does your proposal mean that German magazines should no longer use the transcription for the German language, but the one for the English language? And even more, instead of installing an English transcription system, you wish to install an English transliteration system, which is usually only used in science, but not in simple journalistic productions (where easy readability is king)? And if that were not enough, instead of any of the ten existing English transliteration systems (three of which have the "ja" and not the "ya"), you are the one who picks the system to be used in the chess world, and by sheer coincidence you are picking the one called "British Standard"? (Btw: Wouldn't that damage your income as translator or proof-reader? The software would love it when everything is standardized.)
  
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