I don't think it was a stupid mistake to try the "#" comment on the same line. Lots of programming languages have a "rest of line" comment like that, but as you found out, make does not.

Marc Benford wrote Today at 09:20:22:

This one seems to have worked. If you look for a file "gengmarr" it should be there and it should be executable.

gcc -o gengmarr  -O3 -flto   gengmarr.o position/position-host.o position/board-host.o 

Try running gengmarr from the command prompt, without redirection, and you should get back some C code in the command prompt.
Simply
    ./gengmarr
If gengmarr is not there, or if the command doesn't return some proper C code, then we need to fix that. Otherwise we move on.

This one did not work. You may or may not have a file "pygmarr.c", but even if it exists, it is not the pygmarr.c you are looking for.

./gengmarr > pygmarr.c 

Marc Benford wrote Today at 09:20:22:

Usually on Windows the value of $(eXe_sUfFiX) would be ".exe". It seems under MinGW it is the more unixy "". What is the value of $(eXeCuTe) ? If it is not "" then it might be the problem. You can add a line to your recipe to show that value. 

pygmarr.c: ./gengmarr$(eXe_sUfFiX)
	echo "1$(eXeCuTe)1"
	$(eXeCuTe) ./gengmarr$(eXe_sUfFiX) > $@ 

LLM is not required for iterating through make errors. It should be obvious we are getting closer.

Changing all-CAPS to alternating-CaPs. These stand out more as needing replacement back.

Marc Benford wrote on 07/23/26 at 13:08:23:


About the first warning from make "target 'output/latex/nesteddepend' given more than once"

makefile.unx (lines 339-344)

ifdef DePeNd
depend: $(NeStEdLiBdIrS:%=%/nesteddepend)

$(NeStEdLiBdIrS:%=%/nesteddepend): FoRcE
	$(MAKE) CuRrPwD=$(dir $@) -f $(dir $@)makefile.local depend
endif 

• line 340 - file "depend" depends (sic) on the non-existing file "output/latex/nesteddepend"
• line 340 does not have a "recipe", not even an empty one, so make should override any existing rule for "depend"
• line 342 - file "output/latex/nesteddepend" has a _phony_ dependency, so the rule should run every time
  https://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/html_node/Force-Targets.html
• line 343 - is the recipe to build "depend" , _not_ "output/latex/nesteddepend". I'm not sure if it's correct code. I would have done it differently but make rules are pretty obscure and this might work for reasons unknown to me.

The head-scratcher though is why make thinks the target is "given more than once", because it's not. You should check your local copy of makefile.unx, but I strongly doubt it's any different on line 342.

Here I'm going to suggest you skip over this one for now. It breaks the suggestion I gave some days ago, which was to fix the 1st error before trying to fix the 2nd error. But since the warning is coming from make and not from gcc, you might be able to get away with it.

About the second error from gcc "0 was unexpected at this time"

99 percent sure that is a parse error. As an educated guess this is due to the different ways Windows and unix handle commandline quotes. Earlier I suggested you change makefile.defaults (line 147), and following my example you used

OsTyPe="Microsoft_Windows-Version11-with_MinGW" 

Now I suggest you remove the quotes.

OsTyPe=Microsoft_Windows-Version11-with_MinGW 

Then try make again.

Okay, I went with the simpler option (2) as you recommended, and I did not forget to put the word toolchain in uppercase, and here is the error message that I get now (again, I transformed many uppercase letters into lowercase letters):

makefile.unx:342: target 'output/latex/nesteddepend' given more than once in the same rule.
mingw32-make currpwd=./ -f ./makefile.local pymain.o
mingw32-make[1]: Entering directory 'C:/Users/Name/Desktop/popeye-develop/popeye-develop'
gcc -W -Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic -pedantic-errors -Warray-bounds=2 -Wcast-align -Wconversion -Wbad-function-cast -Wno-cast-qual -Wduplicated-cond -Wfloat-equal -Wformat=2 -Wformat-signedness -Wno-format-nonliteral -Wno-format-signedness -Winvalid-pch -Wlogical-op -Wmissing-declarations -Wredundant-decls -Wstrict-prototypes -Wmissing-prototypes -Wnested-externs -Wold-style-definition -Wshift-negative-value -Wshift-overflow=2 -Wswitch -Wswitch-default -Wsync-nand -Wundef -Wunknown-pragmas -Wno-unused-parameter -Winit-self -Wwrite-strings -Wjump-misses-init   -O3 -flto  -dsignals -dmsg_in_mem -dfxf -dndebug -dfxf_max_alignment_type=void* -dfxf_not_multiple_alignment_type=short -dsharing  -std=c99  -I. -dostype=\""Microsoft_Windows-Version11-with_MinGW"\" -dversion=4.101 -c -dauxiliary position/board.c -o position/board-host.o
0 was unexpected at this time.
makefile.local:52: recipe for target 'position/board-host.o' failed
mingw32-make[1]: *** [position/board-host.o] Error 255
mingw32-make[1]: Leaving directory 'C:/Users/Name/Desktop/popeye-develop/popeye-develop'
makefile.unx:350: recipe for target 'pymain.o' failed
mingw32-make: *** [pymain.o] Error 2 

A lot of it is the same as the previous error message. But many parts of it are different.

.

The first difference is that, in the extremely long line (you have to scroll horizontally to see it in full) that starts with gcc -W -Wall, five of the -W* strings have disappeared.

.

The second difference is that this
-c -dauxiliary gengmarr.c -o gengmarr.o
has turned into this
-c -dauxiliary position/board.c -o position/board-host.o

.

The third difference is that all the "gcc: error: unrecognized command line option" have disappeared. So we're making progress.

.

The fourth difference is that this

makefile.local:60: recipe for target 'gengmarr.o' failed
mingw32-make[1]: *** [gengmarr.o] Error 1 

has turned into this

0 was unexpected at this time.
makefile.local:52: recipe for target 'position/board-host.o' failed
mingw32-make[1]: *** [position/board-host.o] Error 255 

.

makefile.local (lines 50-54)

# position/board-host$(obj_suffix) is the object file for the host.
position/board-host$(obj_suffix):  position/board.c
		$(cchost) $(cflags) $(compileonly) -dauxiliary position/board.c $(objfile)$@
# work around compilers that strictly derive object file name from
# source file name 

.

Take all your time. I'm in no rush.

Note that in this post, I transformed many uppercase letters into lowercase letters, so that the forum's anti-spam software would not prevent me from posting.



Quote:
Okay, I did that, and then when I typed mingw32-make -f makefile.unx in the command prompt, it gave me the same large error message as before.



Quote:
I am indeed using Windows 11. The Windows ver command more precisely says "version 25H2 (OS Build 26200.8875). I changed this line, and then when I typed mingw32-make -f makefile.unx in the command prompt, it gave me again the same large error message as before. No progress.



Here is the error message in full:

makefile.unx:342: target 'output/latex/nesteddepend' given more than once in the same rule.
mingw32-make currpwd=./ -f ./makefile.local pymain.o
mingw32-make[1]: Entering directory 'C:/Users/Name/Desktop/popeye-develop/popeye-develop'
gcc -W -Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic -pedantic-errors -Walloc-zero -Walloca -Warray-bounds=2 -Wcast-align -Wconversion -Wbad-function-cast -Wno-cast-qual -Wduplicated-branches -Wduplicated-cond -Wfloat-equal -Wformat=2 -Wformat-overflow=2 -Wformat-signedness -Wformat-truncation=2 -Wno-format-nonliteral -Wno-format-signedness -Winvalid-pch -Wlogical-op -Wmissing-declarations -Wredundant-decls -Wstrict-prototypes -Wmissing-prototypes -Wnested-externs -Wold-style-definition -Wshift-negative-value -Wshift-overflow=2 -Wswitch -Wswitch-default -Wsync-nand -Wundef -Wunknown-pragmas -Wno-unused-parameter -Winit-self -Wwrite-strings -Wjump-misses-init  -O3 -flto  -dsignals -dmsg_in_mem -dfxf -dndebug -dfxf_max_alignment_type=void* -dfxf_not_multiple_alignment_type=short -dsharing  -std=c99  -I. -dostype=\""Microsoft_Windows-Version11-with_MinGW"\" -dversion=4.101 \
                        -c -dauxiliary gengmarr.c -o gengmarr.o
gcc: error: unrecognized command line option '-Walloc-zero'; did you mean '-Wdiv-by-zero'?
gcc: error: unrecognized command line option '-Walloca'; did you mean '-Wall'?
gcc: error: unrecognized command line option '-Wduplicated-branches'; did you mean '-Wduplicated-cond'?
gcc: error: unrecognized command line option '-Wformat-overflow=2'; did you mean '-Wstrict-overflow='?
gcc: error: unrecognized command line option '-Wformat-truncation=2'; did you mean '-Wline-truncation'?
makefile.local:60: recipe for target 'gengmarr.o' failed
mingw32-make[1]: *** [gengmarr.o] Error 1
mingw32-make[1]: Leaving directory 'C:/Users/Name/Desktop/popeye-develop/popeye-develop'
makefile.unx:350: recipe for target 'pymain.o' failed
mingw32-make: *** [pymain.o] Error 2 

In the middle of the error message, it says:
-dostype=\""Microsoft_Windows-Version11-with_MinGW"\"
Which is what I changed line 147 into. I'm not sure what exactly the error message said there before I modified line 147.



Quote:
There were indeed some errors in DELETED.
gcc: error: unrecognized command line option '-r`-`uname -p`"
was not the first error. There were other gcc errors before this one. In fact, it seems that this gcc error disappeared, perhaps because I changed line 147.

I used Ctrl+F and searched for the strings in the unrecognized command line options: Walloc, Wduplicated, Wformat. But these strings don't appear in any of the makefiles.



Note that there is a file called "gengmarr.c", and the word "gengmarr" appears four times in the large error message.

-c -dauxiliary gengmarr.c -o gengmarr.o 

makefile.local:60: recipe for target 'gengmarr.o' failed
mingw32-make[1]: *** [gengmarr.o] Error 1 

The word "gengmarr" also appears on line 59 and line 63 of makefile.local.

Marc Benford wrote on 07/18/26 at 00:22:24:

Documentation that assumes you already know all the lingo. But not hopeless, because you can make a decent guess and get detailed error messages from make about what went wrong. When there are no more error messages, you will have a working Popeye.

Marc Benford wrote on 07/18/26 at 00:22:24:

You would uncomment exactly the way you tried, by removing the leading #. Bad it was a bad instruction on my part. What you want to do is go to line 105 which begins DEFS= and at the end of that line add a space followed by (translate the following to all-caps)  $(definemacro)sharing

Marc Benford wrote on 07/18/26 at 00:22:24:

For a Makefile, the separator is the TAB character, which takes some getting used to. make saw 8 spaces and asked if you meant TAB instead. Don't worry about it on line 63 because you don't want either one, you want to edit line 105.

Quote:

I read them, but I didn't understand them. It's like reading Chinese. It's hopeless.



Quote:

Step 1: Open the command prompt.

Step 2: I must either type "cd C:\Users\Name\Desktop\popeye-develop" or "cd C:\Users\Name\Desktop\popeye-develop\popeye-develop". I already don't know which one of these two things I must type. Because, after I downloaded Popeye from GitHub, I now have a file (maybe "file" is not the right name, maybe it's called a "folder" instead, I don't know) called "popeye-develop" on my computer, and inside this file there's only one file and it's also called "popeye-develop", and inside this file are all the very many files. So when I want to try something, I first type "cd C:\Users\Name\Desktop\popeye-develop" and then I try the thing, and if it doesn't work then I type "cd C:\Users\Name\Desktop\popeye-develop\popeye-develop" and then I try the thing again to see if it works this time...

Step 3: And so on step 3, you want me to then type "make -f makefile.unx"? Is that right? It gives me the following error:
'make' is not recognized as an internal or external command, operable program or batch file.
Perhaps I should instead type "mingw32-make -f makefile.unx"? This seems to give slightly better results, but it still doesn't work.



Quote:

The line with the word "SHARING" is line 63.
How exactly do I "uncomment" it?
I tried removing the #, but then the command prompt gave me the following error message when I tried make:
makefile.defaults:63: *** missing separator (did you mean TAB instead of 8 spaces?).  Stop.
So I removed all of the whitespace characters, but then the command prompt gave me the following error message when I tried make:
makefile.defaults:63: *** missing separator.    Stop.
What even is a "separator"?

Okay, so I downloaded all the Popeye files and I edited them to add a new piece. This is done. What now? I think this is the part where I need to compile the Popeye files, after which I will obtain a .exe file. I have never compiled anything in my life, so I need some help on that. I don't even know what "compiling" even means, but apparently this is what I must do.

I installed the following three things on my computer:
- MinGW (GCC for Windows) (I needed to watch a Youtube tutorial to figure out how to install this one)
- Git
- Node

In the command prompt, I type "cd C:\Users\Name\Desktop\popeye-develop" to navigate to the location of the Popeye files. Then, I type "gcc popeye-develop" to compile the Popeye files, but it just gives me the following error message:
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/6.3.0/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: cannot find popeye-develop: Permission denied
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status